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Rev Fin 1999; 12:5-35
© 1999 the Society for Financial Studies


Article

Market transparency: who wins and who loses?

R Bloomfield and M O'Hara
Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Sage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. E-mail: rjb@cornell.edu or mo19@cornell.edu

Abstract

This study uses laboratory experiments to determine the effects of trade and quote disclosure on market efficiency, bid-ask spreads, and trader welfare. We show that trade disclosure increases the informational efficiency of transaction prices, but also increases opening bid-ask spreads, apparently by reducing market-makers' incentives to compete for order flow. As a result, trade disclosure benefits market makers at the expense of liquidity traders and informed traders. We find that quote disclosure has no discernible effects on market performance. Overall our results demonstrate that the degree of market transparency has important effects of market equilibria and on trader and market-maker welfare.


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